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NIST Finalizes Enhanced Security Requirements for Combating Advanced Cyber Threats

Client Alert | 1 min read | 02.09.21

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recently released the final version of NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-172, Enhanced Security Requirements for Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information. Designed to supplement the requirements in NIST SP 800-171—the applicable standard under DFARS 252.204-7012—800-172 provides 35 enhanced security requirements to protect controlled unclassified information (CUI) associated with critical programs and high value assets from sophisticated adversaries referred to as advanced persistent threats (APTs).

Although expected to impact relatively few contractors, where applicable, agencies may include select enhanced security requirements from 800-172 in their contract provisions. The Department of Defense (DoD) has also incorporated several of the requirements identified in prior drafts of 800-172 into maturity levels 4 and 5 of the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC).

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Client Alert | 2 min read | 11.14.25

Defining Claim Terms by Implication: Lexicography Lessons from Aortic Innovations LLC v. Edwards Lifesciences Corporation

Claim construction is a key stage of most patent litigations, where the court must decide the meaning of any disputed terms in the patent claims.  Generally, claim terms are given their plain and ordinary meaning except under two circumstances: (1) when the patentee acts as its own lexicographer and sets out a definition for the term; and (2) when the patentee disavows the full scope of the term either in the specification or during prosecution.  Thorner v. Sony Comput. Ent. Am. LLC, 669 F.3d 1362, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2012).  The Federal Circuit’s recent decision in Aortic Innovations LLC v. Edwards Lifesciences Corp. highlights that patentees can act as their own lexicographers through consistent, interchangeable usage of terms across the specification, effectively defining terms by implication....

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