Relaxation Of Requirements = Out-Of-Scope Mod
Client Alert | less than 1 min read | 06.22.05
In Poly-Pacific Technologies, Inc. (June 1, 2005 http://www.gao.gov/decisions/bidpro/296029.pdf), GAO found that an agency's modification that relaxed the requirements of an existing contract amounted to an improper out-of-scope modification and that the agency was required to have conducted a new competition. This decision shows that "cardinal" modifications can occur with relaxations, as well as expansions, of requirements.
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Client Alert | 4 min read | 08.14.26
License to Hack? The White House Greenlights Private-Sector Offensive Cyber Operations
On August 12, 2026, the White House released a National Security Presidential Memorandum (NSPM), marking a seismic shift in U.S. cybersecurity policy and establishing a framework to authorize private-sector companies to conduct offensive cyber operations—historically strictly prohibited by federal law—against foreign Cyber-Enabled Transnational Criminal Organizations (CE-TCOs). It builds on an executive order issued in March 2026 that directed federal agencies to develop plans to combat cyber-crimes against Americans.
Client Alert | 4 min read | 08.13.26
Supreme Court Confirms Contractual Loss of Bargain Without Repudiatory Breach
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