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Relaxation Of Requirements = Out-Of-Scope Mod

Client Alert | less than 1 min read | 06.22.05

In Poly-Pacific Technologies, Inc. (June 1, 2005 http://www.gao.gov/decisions/bidpro/296029.pdf), GAO found that an agency's modification that relaxed the requirements of an existing contract amounted to an improper out-of-scope modification and that the agency was required to have conducted a new competition. This decision shows that "cardinal" modifications can occur with relaxations, as well as expansions, of requirements.

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Client Alert | 4 min read | 02.20.26

SCOTUS Holds IEEPA Tariffs Unlawful

On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court issued a pivotal ruling in Trump v. V.O.S. Selections, negating the President’s ability to impose tariffs under IEEPA. The case stemmed from President Trump’s invocation of IEEPA to levy tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, China, and other countries, citing national emergencies. Challengers argued—and the Court agreed—that IEEPA does not delegate tariff authority to the President. The power to tariff is vested in Congress by the Constitution and cannot be delegated to the President absent express authority from Congress....