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New Push Toward Project Labor Agreements For Federal Construction Work

Client Alert | 1 min read | 04.20.10

On April 13, 2010, the FAR Councils issued a final rule implementing an executive order that encourages federal agencies to use project labor agreements--defined as pre-hire collective bargaining agreements with one or more labor unions that establish the terms and conditions of employment for a specific project--for federal construction contracts, when the total cost to the government is $25 million or more. If an agency determines that such agreements would "[a]dvance the Federal Government's interest in achieving economy and efficiency in Federal procurement producing labor-management stability, and ensuring compliance with laws and regulations governing safety and health, equal employment opportunity, labor and employment standards, and other matters," it must insert a solicitation and/or contract provision requiring prime contractors and subcontractors (if engaged in construction services) to negotiate a project labor agreement with one or more labor unions for the term of the construction contract.

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Client Alert | 5 min read | 12.12.25

Eleventh Circuit Hears Argument on False Claims Act Qui Tam Constitutionality

On the morning of December 12, 2025, the Eleventh Circuit heard argument in United States ex rel. Zafirov v. Florida Medical Associates, LLC, et al., No. 24-13581 (11th Cir. 2025). This case concerns the constitutionality of the False Claims Act (FCA) qui tam provisions and a groundbreaking September 2024 opinion in which the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida held that the FCA’s qui tam provisions were unconstitutional under Article II. See United States ex rel. Zafirov v. Fla. Med. Assocs., LLC, 751 F. Supp. 3d 1293 (M.D. Fla. 2024). That decision, penned by District Judge Kathryn Kimball Mizelle, was the first success story for a legal theory that has been gaining steam ever since Justices Thomas, Barrett, and Kavanaugh indicated they would be willing to consider arguments about the constitutionality of the qui tam provisions in U.S. ex rel. Polansky v. Exec. Health Res., 599 U.S. 419 (2023). In her opinion, Judge Mizelle held (1) qui tam relators are officers of the U.S. who must be appointed under the Appointments Clause; and (2) historical practice treating qui tam and similar relators as less than “officers” for constitutional purposes was not enough to save the qui tam provisions from the fundamental Article II infirmity the court identified. That ruling was appealed and, after full briefing, including by the government and a bevy of amici, the litigants stepped up to the plate this morning for oral argument....