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IR&D Reporting Requirements Reinstated

Client Alert | 1 min read | 01.30.12

In a final rule published today, the DFARS were amended to reinstate a requirement that was eliminated from the regulations in the early 1990s, providing that as a condition of allowability for Independent Research and Development (IR&D) costs, major contractors must submit to DoD at least annually technical descriptions of the IR&D projects that the contractor claims as allowable. In response to criticism of a draft regulation proposing a $50,000 coverage threshold, the final rule limits mandatory reporting to “major contractors” that allocate more than $11 million annually to “covered contracts” (a term that excludes fixed-price contracts without cost incentives), leaves largely to the contractor’s discretion how much detail needs to be reported in the on-line template through which the reports must be submitted, encourages voluntary reporting by contractors not subject to the mandatory requirement, and promises that the reports will be exempt from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act.

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Client Alert | 2 min read | 11.14.25

Defining Claim Terms by Implication: Lexicography Lessons from Aortic Innovations LLC v. Edwards Lifesciences Corporation

Claim construction is a key stage of most patent litigations, where the court must decide the meaning of any disputed terms in the patent claims.  Generally, claim terms are given their plain and ordinary meaning except under two circumstances: (1) when the patentee acts as its own lexicographer and sets out a definition for the term; and (2) when the patentee disavows the full scope of the term either in the specification or during prosecution.  Thorner v. Sony Comput. Ent. Am. LLC, 669 F.3d 1362, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2012).  The Federal Circuit’s recent decision in Aortic Innovations LLC v. Edwards Lifesciences Corp. highlights that patentees can act as their own lexicographers through consistent, interchangeable usage of terms across the specification, effectively defining terms by implication....