CARES Act Small Business Loans Move Forward but with Significant Revisions
Client Alert | 1 min read | 04.03.20
In the early morning hours of April 3, 2020, SBA has released an overhauled Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan application form (SBA Form 2483) and Treasury has posted a draft temporary Interim Final Rule implementing Sections 1102 and 1106 of the CARES Act. Since the passage of the legislation a week ago and with only limited preliminary guidance and now-superseded applications from both Treasury and SBA, businesses and lenders have been scrambling to understand loan eligibility, how to apply, as well as key loan terms. The new SBA Form 2483 and the draft Interim Final Rule reflect significant developments since the legislation and prior guidance, and, SBA has cautioned that additional guidance is still forthcoming on such essential issues as affiliation analysis, loan forgiveness, advance purchase for loans sold in the secondary market, and religious liberty protections under the PPP. As soon as possible, we will be issuing a client alert with a summary of the most significant changes or guidance. In the days ahead, we will be providing a revised, detailed summary of the PPP and eligibility questionnaire as well as scheduling another webinar so companies can stay current. The Crowell & Moring team is working with clients across many industries, and we hope you will reach out with questions.
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Client Alert | 5 min read | 12.12.25
Eleventh Circuit Hears Argument on False Claims Act Qui Tam Constitutionality
On the morning of December 12, 2025, the Eleventh Circuit heard argument in United States ex rel. Zafirov v. Florida Medical Associates, LLC, et al., No. 24-13581 (11th Cir. 2025). This case concerns the constitutionality of the False Claims Act (FCA) qui tam provisions and a groundbreaking September 2024 opinion in which the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida held that the FCA’s qui tam provisions were unconstitutional under Article II. See United States ex rel. Zafirov v. Fla. Med. Assocs., LLC, 751 F. Supp. 3d 1293 (M.D. Fla. 2024). That decision, penned by District Judge Kathryn Kimball Mizelle, was the first success story for a legal theory that has been gaining steam ever since Justices Thomas, Barrett, and Kavanaugh indicated they would be willing to consider arguments about the constitutionality of the qui tam provisions in U.S. ex rel. Polansky v. Exec. Health Res., 599 U.S. 419 (2023). In her opinion, Judge Mizelle held (1) qui tam relators are officers of the U.S. who must be appointed under the Appointments Clause; and (2) historical practice treating qui tam and similar relators as less than “officers” for constitutional purposes was not enough to save the qui tam provisions from the fundamental Article II infirmity the court identified. That ruling was appealed and, after full briefing, including by the government and a bevy of amici, the litigants stepped up to the plate this morning for oral argument.
Client Alert | 8 min read | 12.11.25
Director Squires Revamps the Workings of the U.S. Patent Office
Client Alert | 8 min read | 12.10.25
Creativity You Can Use: CJEU Clarifies Copyright for Applied Art
Client Alert | 4 min read | 12.10.25
Federal Court Strikes Down Interior Order Suspending Wind Energy Development
