You’re Not Hired! President Trump Imposes Executive Agency Hiring Freeze
Client Alert | 1 min read | 01.24.17
On January 23, 2017, President Trump issued a memorandum imposing a freeze, which prohibits all executive agencies from hiring federal civilian employees to fill positions that were vacant as of noon on January 22, 2017 or creating new positions. Though agencies are forbidden from “[c]ontracting outside the government to circumvent” this prohibition, some exemptions exist, namely for military personnel, for positions that executive agency and department heads deem “necessary to meet national security or public safety responsibilities[,]” and as the Office of Personnel Management Director determines are “otherwise necessary.” Per the memorandum, the freeze is scheduled to expire upon implementation of a long-term Office of Management and Budget (OMB) plan “to reduce the size of the Federal Government’s workforce through attrition[,]” which OMB must recommend within 90 days of the memorandum’s date.
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Client Alert | 2 min read | 11.14.25
Claim construction is a key stage of most patent litigations, where the court must decide the meaning of any disputed terms in the patent claims. Generally, claim terms are given their plain and ordinary meaning except under two circumstances: (1) when the patentee acts as its own lexicographer and sets out a definition for the term; and (2) when the patentee disavows the full scope of the term either in the specification or during prosecution. Thorner v. Sony Comput. Ent. Am. LLC, 669 F.3d 1362, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2012). The Federal Circuit’s recent decision in Aortic Innovations LLC v. Edwards Lifesciences Corp. highlights that patentees can act as their own lexicographers through consistent, interchangeable usage of terms across the specification, effectively defining terms by implication.
Client Alert | 6 min read | 11.14.25
Microplastics Update: Regulatory and Litigation Developments in 2025
Client Alert | 6 min read | 11.13.25
