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When Does An Oral Presentation Become A "Discussion"?

Client Alert | less than 1 min read | 03.04.04

GAO ruled that an offeror’s oral presentation and the ensuing question and answer session did not become "discussions" that would trigger other offerors’ rights to revise their proposals, upholding a huge military health services contract award in Sierra Military Health Services (Dec. 5, 2003) — a protest in which Crowell & Moring represented the awardee. Tackling a difficult issue with a fact-bound decision, GAO held that an offeror’s presentation and the Q&A session constitute "discussions" only if agency personnel gave that offeror a chance to revise its proposal in, for example, the answers to the evaluators’ questions.

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Client Alert | 3 min read | 05.14.26

CISA’s “CI Fortify” Initiative Signals New Expectations for Critical Infrastructure Resilience: What Operators and Vendors Need to Know

On May 5, 2026, CISA announced CI Fortify — an initiative directing critical infrastructure owners and operators to prepare for geopolitical conflict in which OT networks are actively targeted while communications infrastructure is simultaneously degraded....