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SBA To No Longer Rely on Economic Necessity Questionnaires in Processing PPP Forgiveness Applications

Client Alert | 1 min read | 08.02.21

On July 29, 2021, the Small Business Administration announced in an FAQ that it is discontinuing any reliance on the Loan Necessity Questionnaires, which the SBA had required of each borrower, that together with its affiliates, received Paycheck Protection Program loans with a principal amount of $2 million or greater. As we’ve previously discussed, in October 2020, the SBA had unexpectedly released SBA Forms 3509 an 3510 to collect information that would purportedly allow SBA loan reviewers to assess PPP borrowers’ certification that economic uncertainty made the PPP loan necessary to support ongoing operations. The SBA explains in the new FAQ that use of the forms have caused delays and do not provide for efficient use of SBA audit resources and as such use of these forms is discontinued. The FAQ also notes that the majority of public comments SBA received on the forms raised objections to their use.

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Client Alert | 2 min read | 11.14.25

Defining Claim Terms by Implication: Lexicography Lessons from Aortic Innovations LLC v. Edwards Lifesciences Corporation

Claim construction is a key stage of most patent litigations, where the court must decide the meaning of any disputed terms in the patent claims.  Generally, claim terms are given their plain and ordinary meaning except under two circumstances: (1) when the patentee acts as its own lexicographer and sets out a definition for the term; and (2) when the patentee disavows the full scope of the term either in the specification or during prosecution.  Thorner v. Sony Comput. Ent. Am. LLC, 669 F.3d 1362, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2012).  The Federal Circuit’s recent decision in Aortic Innovations LLC v. Edwards Lifesciences Corp. highlights that patentees can act as their own lexicographers through consistent, interchangeable usage of terms across the specification, effectively defining terms by implication....