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Preload of Generic Software Precludes Finding of Substantial Transformation in U.S. When Replaced with Proprietary Software That Enhanced Functionality

Client Alert | less than 1 min read | 05.31.16

Customs and Border Protection has released its final determination concerning different versions of certain network transceivers and high speed cabling devices that require software to be functional. CBP concluded that “blank” network transceivers imported into the U.S. where proprietary software was first downloaded were substantially transformed in the U.S., whereas network transceivers already programmed with generic software when imported were not substantially transformed by subsequent replacement of the generic software with proprietary software that enhanced and broadened functionality allowing interoperability with different OEM systems.

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Client Alert | 7 min read | 01.05.26

Consideration of Artificial Intelligence in Arbitration Terms of Reference

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve and integrate into various aspects of legal practice, counsel and arbitral tribunals drawing up their Terms of Reference (TOR) establishing the terms of the dispute being referred to arbitration and also formulating their procedural orders should consider the implications of AI. This client alert highlights the importance of addressing AI in TOR negotiations and provides an overview of likely topics international arbitration practitioners can expect to treat in TORs and procedural orders....