Option Exercise Not Fully Discretionary
Client Alert | less than 1 min read | 08.29.06
Relying on CFC precedent, the GSBCA in Northrop Grumman Computing Systems, Inc. (June 26, 2006, http:// www.gsbca.gsa.gov/appeals/y1636726.pdf), reiterated that an agency by contract can restrict its normally unlimited discretion whether or not to exercise an option. In this instance, the contractor stated a valid case that the agency had violated its express duties to use its best efforts to gain funding to allow exercise of the option and not to buy other equipment to do the same job.
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Client Alert | 4 min read | 12.04.25
District Court Grants Preliminary Injunction Against Seller of Gray Market Snack Food Products
On November 12, 2025, Judge King in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington granted in part Haldiram India Ltd.’s (“Plaintiff” or “Haldiram”) motion for a preliminary injunction against Punjab Trading, Inc. (“Defendant” or “Punjab Trading”), a seller alleged to be importing and distributing gray market snack food products not authorized for sale in the United States. The court found that Haldiram was likely to succeed on the merits of its trademark infringement claim because the products at issue, which were intended for sale in India, were materially different from the versions intended for sale in the U.S., and for this reason were not genuine products when sold in the U.S. Although the court narrowed certain overbroad provisions in the requested order, it ultimately enjoined Punjab Trading from importing, selling, or assisting others in selling the non-genuine Haldiram products in the U.S. market.
Client Alert | 21 min read | 12.04.25
Highlights: CMS’s Proposed Rule for Medicare Part C & D (CY 2027 NPRM)
Client Alert | 11 min read | 12.01.25
