Inexact IDIQ Exercise = Constructive Change
Client Alert | less than 1 min read | 06.04.09
In General Dynamics C4 Sys., Inc. (May 8, 2009), the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals converted timely delivery order exercises by the Navy into constructive changes because they were sent by e-mail, when the contract specified that electronic delivery was only authorized if specified in the schedule and it was not. Analogizing to option exercises, the board instructed that an IDIQ order must be issued fully in accord with the contract or it is ineffective.
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Client Alert | 4 min read | 12.04.25
District Court Grants Preliminary Injunction Against Seller of Gray Market Snack Food Products
On November 12, 2025, Judge King in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington granted in part Haldiram India Ltd.’s (“Plaintiff” or “Haldiram”) motion for a preliminary injunction against Punjab Trading, Inc. (“Defendant” or “Punjab Trading”), a seller alleged to be importing and distributing gray market snack food products not authorized for sale in the United States. The court found that Haldiram was likely to succeed on the merits of its trademark infringement claim because the products at issue, which were intended for sale in India, were materially different from the versions intended for sale in the U.S., and for this reason were not genuine products when sold in the U.S. Although the court narrowed certain overbroad provisions in the requested order, it ultimately enjoined Punjab Trading from importing, selling, or assisting others in selling the non-genuine Haldiram products in the U.S. market.
Client Alert | 21 min read | 12.04.25
Highlights: CMS’s Proposed Rule for Medicare Part C & D (CY 2027 NPRM)
Client Alert | 11 min read | 12.01.25
