GAO Rejects Cooperative Agreements Dodge
Client Alert | less than 1 min read | 08.27.12
On August 15, 2012, GAO sustained a protest by several housing agencies challenging HUD's attempt to obtain services through cooperative agreements, finding that HUD improperly avoided the procurement laws and should have awarded a contract. GAO's ruling serves as a reminder that agencies cannot avoid CICA requirements by using cooperative agreements (or inter/intra-agency agreements, which have also received recent attention for possible abuse) to avoid the competitive procurement laws.
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Client Alert | 2 min read | 11.14.25
Claim construction is a key stage of most patent litigations, where the court must decide the meaning of any disputed terms in the patent claims. Generally, claim terms are given their plain and ordinary meaning except under two circumstances: (1) when the patentee acts as its own lexicographer and sets out a definition for the term; and (2) when the patentee disavows the full scope of the term either in the specification or during prosecution. Thorner v. Sony Comput. Ent. Am. LLC, 669 F.3d 1362, 1365 (Fed. Cir. 2012). The Federal Circuit’s recent decision in Aortic Innovations LLC v. Edwards Lifesciences Corp. highlights that patentees can act as their own lexicographers through consistent, interchangeable usage of terms across the specification, effectively defining terms by implication.
Client Alert | 6 min read | 11.14.25
Microplastics Update: Regulatory and Litigation Developments in 2025
Client Alert | 6 min read | 11.13.25
