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Christian Doctrine Applied to Subcontract

Client Alert | 1 min read | 04.05.13

As discussed in more detail in a Crowell Alert issued today, the U.S. District Court for D.C. in UPMC Braddock v. Harris (Mar. 30, 2013) relied on the Christrian doctrine, a rule derived from case law that allows for the inclusion in a contract by operation of law of omitted government contract clauses expressing a significant public procurement policy, to incorporate affirmative action clauses into a subcontract between certain hospitals and a managed care organization with a Federal Employees Health Benefits Program prime contract. This is the first instance of which we are aware that a court has used the Christian doctrine to incorporate federal procurement obligations into a subcontract.


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Client Alert | 7 min read | 11.02.26

DOL Finalizes PBM Fee Disclosure Requirements

On October 29, 2026, the U.S. Department of Labor’s (DOL) Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA) issued a 350-page final rule requiring providers of pharmacy benefit management services and their affiliated brokers and consultants to disclose fees and compensation received to fiduciaries of covered large, self-insured ERISA group health plans. According to DOL’s accompanying fact sheet, the disclosures will give employers more visibility into the payments PBMs may receive from various sources and help fiduciaries evaluate and monitor arrangements over time. ...